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Geophysics |
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Explorer I, The First United States Satellite was sent aloft as part of the United States program for the International Geophysical Year 1957-1958, on the evening of January 31, 1958. |
Explorer VI was launched August 7, 1959, and ultimately provided the most comprehensive data up to then of the Van Allen radiation belts and the geomagnetic field, as well as the first televised cloud cover pictures. |
Explorer VII was launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida, on October 13, 1959. It carried instruments that carried out the first ever satellite measurements of the Earth's climate, especially of its heat balance, and discovered that the Earth absorbed more of the Sun's energy than originally thought. |
 International Geophysical Year was an 18-month period (July 1, 1957 to December 31, 1958) during which scientists of 66 countries conducted an unprecedented study of the earth and its cosmic environs. Observations and measurements were made at about 4,000 scientific stations, extending from pole to pole. |
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